Catholic Religious Orders October 27th, 2023  Saint Francis of Assisi, founder of the mendicant Order of Friars Minor, as painted by El Greco. Catholic religious order
Catholic religious orders are one of two types of religious institutes (‘Religious Institutes’, cf. canons 573–746), the major form of consecrated life in the Roman Catholic Church. They are organizations of laity and/or clergy who take solemn vows (in contrast to the simple vows taken by the members of religious congregations) and who live a common life following a religious rule or constitution under the leadership of a religious superior. According to the Annuario Pontificio, there are four branches of religious orders:
* Monastic orders: orders founded by monks or nuns who live and work in a monastery and recite the divine office.
* Mendicant orders: orders founded by friars or nuns who live from alms, recite the divine office, and have active participation in apostolic endeavors.
* Canons Regulars: orders founded by canons and canonesses regular who recite the divine office and generally are in charge of a parish.
* Clerks Regulars: orders founded by priests who are also religious men with vows and have a very active apostolic live.
Their intention is to imitate Jesus more closely, mainly, but not exclusively, by observing evangelical chastity, poverty, and obedience, which are the three evangelical counsels of perfection (cf. canons 599–601). They bind themselves to this form of living by taking public vows in accordance with the norms of church law. They may additionally profess to obey certain guidelines for living, since each order has its peculiar charism. Religious vows are to be distinguished from Holy Orders, the sacrament which bishops, priests, and deacons receive. Hence, members of religious orders are not part of the hierarchy, unless they are also ordained priests or deacons (sometimes referred to as “priest-monks” or “hieromonks” – a term more commonly found among the Orthodox than among Roman Catholics).
Religious orders only differ from religious congregations in the nature of their vows (solemn vs. simple), since today much of their way of live and apostolates don’t differ much. Even though the names are used interchangeably, technically, they are not the same.
Religious rules
Religious orders generally follow one of the four great religious rules: Rule of St Basil, Rule of St. Benedict, Rule of St. Augustine, and the Rule of St. Francis.
For example, a large number of the religious orders in the Catholic Church ( Benedictines, Trappists, Cistercians, etc.) observe the Rule of St Benedict, a collection of precepts for what is called contemplative religious life; others follow the Rule of St Augustine that stress self-denial, moderation, and care for those in need, whereas the Rule of St Basil, one of the earliest rules for Christian religious living, tends to be followed by monastic communities of the Orthodox Church. In addition, the individual Orders have their own regulations for the practical living out of their chosen Rule so as to be able to serve their own Order’s charism more fully.
Authority structure
A Religious Order is characterized by an authority structure where a superior general has jurisdiction over the order’s dependent communities. An exception is the Order of St Benedict which is not a religious order in this technical sense, because it has a system of “independent houses”, meaning that each abbey is autonomous. However, the Constitutions governing the order’s global “independent houses” were approved by the pope. Likewise, according to rank and authority, the abbot primate’s “position with regard to the other abbots [throughout the world] is to be understood rather from the analogy of a primate in a hierarchy than from that of the general of an order like the Dominicans and Jesuits.”
History
Roots in Egypt and Syriac- and Greek-speaking East
From the earliest times there were probably individual hermits who lived a life in isolation in imitation of Jesus’ 40 days in the desert. They have left no confirmed archaeological traces and only hints in the written record. Communities of virgins who had consecrated themselves to Christ are found at least as far back as the 2nd century. There were also individual ascetics, known as the “devout”, who usually lived not in the deserts but on the edge of inhabited places, still remaining in the world but practicing asceticism and striving for union with God, although extreme ascetism such as encratism was regarded as suspect by the Church.
Paul of Thebes (fl. 3rd cent.), commemorated in the writings of St Jerome, is regarded as the first Christian hermit in Egypt, his withdrawal into the desert apparently having been prompted by the persecution of the Christians at the time. Saint Anthony was the first to leave the world specifically to live in the desert as a monk; St Athanasius speaks of him as an anchorite. In upper Egypt, sometime around 323 AD, Saint Pachomius decided to organize his disciples into a form of community in which they lived in individual huts or rooms (cellula in Latin), but worked, ate, and worshipped in shared space. Guidelines for daily life were drawn up (a monastic ‘rule’); and several monasteries were founded, nine for men and two for women. This method of monastic organization is called cenobitic or “community-based”. Towards the end of his life St Pachomius was therefore not only the abbot of a monastery but also the head of an entire order of monasteries.
The Greeks (e.g. St Basil the Great of Cappadocian Caesarea) and the Syriac-speaking east have their own monastic traditions (e.g. St Ephrem of Nisibis and Edessa).
Gaul
The earliest forms of monasticism in Western Europe involved figures such as Martin of Tours, who after serving in the Roman legions converted to Christianity and established a hermitage near Milan. He then moved on to Poitiers where he gathered a community around his hermitage. In 372 he was called to become Bishop of Tours, where he established a monastery at Marmoutiers on the opposite bank of the Loire River. His monastery was laid out as a colony of hermits rather than as a single integrated community.
John Cassian began his monastic career at a monastery in Palestine and Egypt around 385 to study monastic practice there. In Egypt he had been attracted to the isolated life of hermits, which he considered the highest form of monasticism, yet the monasteries he founded were all organized monastic communities. About 410 he established two monasteries near Marseilles, one for men, one for women. In time these attracted a total of 5,000 monks and nuns. Most significant for the future development of monasticism were Cassian’s Institutes, which provided a guide for monastic life and his Conferences, a collection of spiritual reflections.
Honoratus of Marseilles was a wealthy Gallo-Roman aristocrat, who after a pilgrimage to Egypt, founded the Monastery of Lerins, on an island lying off the modern city of Cannes. Lerins became, in time, a center of monastic culture and learning, and many later monks and bishops would pass through Lerins in the early stages of their career.
Italy
The anonymous Rule of the Master (Regula magistri), was written somewhere south of Rome around 500. The rule adds administrative elements not found in earlier rules, defining the activities of the monastery, its officers, and their responsibilities in great detail.
Benedict of Nursia was the most influential early Western monk. He was educated in Rome but soon sought the life of a hermit in a cave at Subiaco, outside the city. He then attracted followers with whom he founded the monastery of Monte Cassino around 520, between Rome and Naples. His Rule is shorter than the Master’s, and somewhat less legalistic. By the 9th century, largely under the inspiration of the Emperor Charlemagne, Benedict’s Rule became the basic guide for Western monasticism.
Ireland
The earliest Monastic settlements in Ireland emerged at the end of the 5th century. The first identifiable founder of a monastery was Saint Brigit, a saint who ranked with Saint Patrick as a major figure of the Irish church. The monastery at Kildare was a double monastery, with both men and women ruled by the Abbess, a pattern found in many other monastic foundations.
Commonly Irish monasteries were established by grants of land to an abbot or abbess, who came from a local noble family. The monastery became the spiritual focus of the tribe or kin group. Irish monastic rules specify a stern life of prayer and discipline in which prayer, poverty, and obedience are the central themes. However Irish monks read Latin texts, both spiritual and secular, with an enthusiasm that their contemporaries on the continent lacked. By the end of the 7th century, Irish monastic schools were attracting students from England and from Europe.
Irish monasticism spread widely, first to Scotland and Northern England, then to Gaul and Italy. Columba and his followers established monasteries at Bangor, on the northeastern coast of Ireland, at Iona in Scotland, and at Lindisfarne, in Northumbria. Columbanus, an abbot from a Leinster noble family, traveled to Gaul in the late 6th century with twelve companions. Columbanus and his followers spread the Irish model of monastic institutions established by noble families to the continent. A whole series of new rural monastic foundations on great rural estates under Irish influence sprang up, starting with Columbanus’s foundations of Fontaines and Luxeuil, sponsored by the Frankish King Childebert II. After Childebert’s death Columbanus traveled east to Metz, where Theudebert II allowed him to establish a new monastery among the semi-pagan Alemanni in what is now Switzerland. One of Columbanus’s followers founded the monastery of St. Gall on the shores of Lake Constance, while Columbanus continued onward across the Alps to the kingdom of the Lombards in Italy. There King Agilulf and his wife Theodolinda granted Columbanus land in the mountains between Genoa and Milan, where he established the monastery of Bobbio.
List of Catholic religious orders
As per the Annuario Pontificio, these are the existing approved and recognized Catholic religious orders:
| Mendicant orders |
| Official Name |
Acronym |
Nickname |
| Ordo Augustiniensium Discalceatorum |
O.A.D. |
Discalced Augustinians |
| Ordo Minimorum |
O.M. |
Minims |
| Ordo Augustinianorum Recollectorum |
O.A.R. |
Augustinians Recollects |
| Ordo Fratrum Discalceatorum B. Mariae V. de Monte Carmelo |
O.C.D. |
Discalced Carmelites |
| Ordo Servorum Mariae |
O.S.M. |
Servites |
| Ordo Fratrum Minorum |
O.F.M. |
Franciscans |
| Ordo Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum |
O.F.M. Cap. |
Capuchin Franciscans |
| Ordo Fratrum Minorum Conventualium |
O.F.M. Conv. |
Conventual Franciscans |
| Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum |
O.P. |
Dominicans |
| Ordo B. Mariae Virginis de Mercede |
O. de M. |
Mercedarians |
| Ordo Fratrum Beatissimae Mariae Virginis de Monte Carmelo |
O. Carm. |
Carmelites |
| Ordo Fratrum Sancti Augustini |
O.S.A. |
Augustinians |
| Ordo Ssmae Trinitatis |
O.SS.T. |
Trinitarians |
| Tertius Ordo Regularis S. Francisci |
T.O.R. |
Brothers of Penance |
| Monastic Orders |
| Official Name |
Acronym |
Nickname |
| Ordo Cartusiensis |
Cart. |
Carthusians |
| Ordo Sancti Hieronymi |
O.S.H. |
Hieronymites |
| Ordo Cisterciensis |
O. Cist. |
Cistercians |
| Ordo Cisterciensis Strictioris Observantiae |
O.C.S.O. |
Trappist |
| Ordo Libanensis Maronitarum |
O.L.M. |
Baladites |
| Ordo S. Benedicti |
O.S.B. |
Benedictines |
| Ordo Basilianus S. Iosaphat |
O.S.B.M. |
Basilians |
| Ordo Basilianus S. Iohannis Baptistae, Soaritarum Melkitarum |
B.C. |
|
| Ordo Fratrum S. Pauli Primi Eremitae |
O.S.P.P.E. |
Pauline Fathers |
| Ordo Basilianus Ssmi Salvatoris Melkitarum |
B.S. |
|
| Ordo Maronita Beatae Mariae Virginis |
O.M.M. |
|
| Cleric Regulars |
| Official Name |
Acronym |
Nickname |
| Congregatio Clericorum Regularium S. Pauli |
B. |
Barnabites |
| Ordo Clericorum Regularium vulgo Theatinorum |
C.R. |
Theatines |
| Ordo Clericorum Regularium a Somascha |
C.R.S. |
|
| Ordo Clericorum Regularium Matris Dei |
O. M. D. |
|
| Ordo Clericorum Regularium Pauperum Matris Dei Scholarum Piarum |
Sch. P. |
Piarists |
| Ordo Clericorum Regularium Ministrantium Infirmis |
M.I. |
Camilians |
| Societas Jesu |
S.J. |
Jesuits |
| Canon Regulars |
| Official Name |
Acronym |
Nickname |
| Congregatio Ssmi Salvatoris Lateranensis |
C.R.L. |
|
| Sacer et Apostolicus Ordo Canonicorum Regularium S. Augustini |
C.R.S.A. |
Canon Regulars |
| Ordo Fratrum Domus Hospitalis Sanctae Mariae Teutonicorum in Jerusalem |
O.T. |
|
| Candidus et Canonicus Ordo Praemonstratensis |
O. Praem. |
Norbertines or Premonstratensians |
| Ordo Canonicorum Regularium Sancae Crucis |
O.R.C. |
|
| Congregatio Helvetica o Sancto Mauritio Agaunensis |
C.R.A |
|
| Canonici Regulares Ordinis S. Crucis |
O.S.C. |
Holy Cross |
Congregation (Catholic)
In reference to Catholic religious orders, the term congregation has two usages.
Primarily, a congregation is one of the Catholic religious institutes in which simple vows, not solemn vows, are taken. In the canon law of the Catholic Church, public vows are divided into simple vows and solemn vows. Professed members of monastic and certain other orders (e.g., the Jesuits) take solemn vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience (the vows of religion) in which all claims to inheritances are renounced. Countries which recognized canon law as having legal force for the society would automatically enforce this religious practice. Members of religious congregations take simple versions of them, which allow for inheritance.
This innovation was introduced after the experience in the Catholic Church of the upheavals brought about the French Revolution and subsequent Napoleonic invasions of other Catholic countries. Thousands of monks and nuns were left to live in poverty, having forsaken any means of income to which they might have been entitled through inheritances. This was coupled with the rise of the new groups of religious men and women, whose way of life was oriented not to the ancient monastic way of life, but rather more to social service in response to the widespread poverty of the age, and to evangelization, both in Europe and overseas.
The other major use of this term is to denote the various grouping of Benedictine monasteries into independent associations, presided over by the abbot of a particular community. Thus one speaks of, e.g., the Cassinese or Camaldolese congregations. These different congregations vary in regard to the authority of the presiding abbot. Thus, in some congregations, the role of the presiding abbot is directly exercised upon the individual member of the congregation, while in others, it is more of a role of guidance to the monastic community.
List of congregations
The 2000 Annuario Pontificio lists about 1 million persons in religious institutes worldwide. This included 139,397 religious priests (and excluded 265,781 diocesan priests), 55,057 religious brothers, and 801,185 religious sisters.
The following list refers to some of the major religious congregations of the Catholic Church; it should be understood that communities using the same name may exist in also in the Anglican tradition, as well as there can be more than one Catholic congregation with the same name. Each is accompanied by its official name in English as well as the acronym (or “post-nominal initials”) commonly used to identify its members. In many cases name variations and/or alternative names are also in use. In parentheses is the year it was established.
Some organizations in the following list are not Religious Institutes because they are Associations of the Faithful and have not yet received a decree of erection to become an Institute of Consecrated Life. For this reason, this list does not verify the canonical status of an organization:
| Name |
Initials |
Founder |
Date(s) of founding |
| Adorers of the Blood of Christ |
A.S.C. |
Maria De Mattias |
1834 |
| Adrian Dominican Sisters |
|
|
1923 (1233) |
| Albertines |
|
|
1888 |
| Alexians |
C.F.A. |
|
1469 |
| Angelic Sisters of St. Paul |
A.S.S.P. |
Anthony Maria Zaccaria |
1535 |
| Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus |
A.S.C.J. |
|
1894 |
| Assisi Sisters of Mary Immaculate |
A.S.M.I. |
|
1949 |
| Assumptionists |
A.A. |
|
1845 |
| Little Sisters of the Assumption |
L.S.A. |
Etienne Pernet |
1865 |
| Religious of the Assumption |
|
|
1839 |
| Society of the Atonement (Atonement Friars, Graymoor Friars/Sisters) |
S.A. |
|
1909 |
| Augustinian Sisters, Servants of Jesus and Mary |
A.S.J.M. |
|
1827 |
| Society of Saint Augustine (Augustinians of Kansas) |
S.S.A. |
|
1981 |
| Benedictine Oblates of St Scholastica |
O.S.B. |
|
1984 |
| Benedictine Sisters of Perpetual Adoration |
|
|
1874 |
| Bernardine Cistercians of Esquermes |
|
Hippolyte Lecouvreur |
1827 |
| Bernardines (also call Cistercians) |
|
|
1098 |
| Bon Secours Sisters |
C.B.S. |
|
1824 |
| Brigidine Sisters |
|
|
1807 |
| Brotherhood of Hope |
B.H. |
|
1980 |
| Brothers of Charity |
F.C. |
|
1807 |
| Brothers of Christian Instruction of St Gabriel |
F.S.G. |
|
1711 |
| Brothers of Mercy of Our Lady of Perpetual Help |
F.M.M. |
|
1839 |
| Brothers of the Christian Schools (Lasallian Brothers or Christian Brothers) |
F.S.C. |
John Baptist de La Salle |
1680 |
| Brothers of the Poor of St. Francis |
C.F.P. |
Johannes Hoever |
1861 |
| Brothers of the Sacred Heart |
S.C. |
|
1821 |
| Brothers of Christian Instruction (De la Mennais Brothers, FIC Brothers) |
F.I.C. |
Gabriel Deshayes
Jean-Marie de Lamennais |
1819 |
| Camaldolese Hermits of the Congregation of Monte Corona |
Er.Cam. |
Paul Giustiniani |
1525 |
| Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius |
S.J.C. |
|
2006 |
| Canons Regular of the Immaculate Conception |
|
|
1871 |
| Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem |
C.R.N.J. |
|
2002 |
| Canossians (Canossian Daughters and Sons of Charity) |
F.D.D.C. |
|
1808 |
Carmelites of Saint Elijah
Carmelitae Sancti Eliae |
C.S.E. |
|
1986 |
| Carmelites of Mary Immaculate |
C.M.I. |
|
1831 |
| Carmelite Daughters of the Divine Heart of Jesus |
D.C.J. |
|
1891 |
| Carmelite Sisters for the Aged and Infirm |
|
|
1929 |
| Carmelite Sisters of the Most Sacred Heart of Los Angeles |
|
|
1904 |
| Claretians (Claretian Missionaries) |
C.M.F. |
|
1849 |
| Claretian Sisters |
|
|
1876 |
| Comboni Missionaries |
|
|
1867 |
| Community of Betania |
|
|
|
| Companions of the Cross |
C.C. |
|
1988 |
| Company of Mary Our Lady |
O.D.N. |
|
1607 |
Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Scheutists)
Congregatio Immaculati Cordis Mariae |
C.I.C.M. |
|
1862 |
| Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament |
S.S.S. |
|
1659 |
| Congregation of Christian Brothers (Christian Brothers of Ireland) |
C.F.C. |
|
1802 |
Congregation of the Disciples of the Lord
Congregatio Discipulorum Domini |
C.D.D. |
|
1931 |
| Congregation of Divine Providence |
C.D.P. |
|
1827 |
| Congregation of Holy Cross |
C.S.C. |
|
1837 |
| Congregation of Maronite Lebanese Missionaries |
M.L. |
|
1865 |
| Congregation of the Mission |
C.M. |
|
1624 |
| Congregation of the Mother Co-Redemptrix |
C.M.C. |
|
1909 |
| Congregation of Notre Dame |
C.N.D. |
|
1653 |
| Congregation of Our Lady of the Missions |
|
|
1861 |
| Congregation of the Sisters of Nazareth |
C.S.N. |
|
1948 |
| Congregation of the Sisters of the Resurrection |
|
|
1891 |
| Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary |
SS.CC. |
|
1800 |
| Congregation of St. Basil |
C.S.B. |
|
1822 |
| Congregation of St. Joseph |
C.S.J. |
|
1873 |
| Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux |
C.S.T. |
|
1931 / 1945 |
| Congregation of the Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy (Divine Mercy Sisters) |
O.L.M. |
|
1862 |
| Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul |
D.C. |
|
1633 |
| Daughters of Divine Charity |
F.D.C. |
|
1868 |
| Daughters of Divine Love |
|
|
1969 |
| Daughters of the Holy Spirit |
D.H.S. |
|
1706 |
| Daughters of Mary of the Immaculate Conception |
|
|
1904 |
| Daughters of Our Lady of Compassion |
D.O.L.C. |
|
1892 |
| Daughters of St. Francis of Assisi |
|
|
1894 |
| Daughters of St. Paul |
F.S.P. |
|
1915 |
| Daughters of Wisdom |
|
|
1707 |
| Dehonians (Priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus) |
S.C.J. |
|
1878 |
| Divine Word Missionaries |
S.V.D. |
|
1875 |
| Dominican Missionaries for the Deaf Apostolate |
O.P. Miss. |
|
2004 |
| Dominican Nuns of the Perpetual Rosary |
|
|
1880 |
| Dominican Sisters of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin |
|
|
1856 |
| Dominican Sisters of Hawthorne |
|
|
1900 |
| Dominican Sisters of the Immaculate Conception |
O.P. |
|
1861 |
| Dominican Sisters of St. Cecilia |
O.P. |
|
1860 |
Christian Doctrine Fathers (Doctrinaries)
Congregatio Patrum Doctrinae Christianae |
D.C. |
|
1592 |
| Eudists (Congregation of Jesus and Mary) |
C.I.M. |
|
1643 |
Fathers of Mercy
Congregatio Presbyterorum a Misericordia |
C.P.M. |
|
1808 |
| Felician Sisters (Congregation of the Sisters of St. Felix of Cantalice) |
C.S.S.F. |
|
1855 |
| Franciscan Apostolic Sisters |
F.A.S. |
|
1954 |
| Franciscan Brothers of Brooklyn |
O.S.F. |
|
1858 |
| Franciscan Brothers of the Eucharist |
F.B.E. |
|
2004 |
| Franciscan Brothers of Peace |
F.B.P. |
|
1982 |
| Franciscan Clarist Congregation |
|
|
|
| Franciscan Friars of the Renewal |
C.F.R. |
|
1987 |
| Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate |
F.I. |
Fr. Stefano Maria Manelli
Fr. Gabriel Maria Pellettieri |
1970 |
| Franciscan Handmaids of Mary |
|
|
1915 |
| Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception |
F.H.I.C. |
|
1876 |
| Franciscan Minims of the Perpetual Help of Mary |
F.M. |
|
1942 |
| Franciscan Missionaries of the Divine Motherhood |
F.M.D.M. |
|
1887 |
| Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word |
M.F.V.A. |
|
1987 |
| Franciscan Missionaries of Mary |
F.M.M. |
|
1877 |
| Franciscan Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary |
|
|
1859 |
| Franciscan Missionary Sisters of the Infant Jesus |
|
|
1879 |
| Franciscan Servants of Jesus |
|
|
1997 |
| Franciscan Sisters of Christian Charity |
O.S.F. |
|
1869 |
| Franciscan Sisters of the Eucharist |
F.S.E. |
|
1973 |
| Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary |
|
Zygmunt Szczesny Felinski |
1857 |
| Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate Conception |
F.S.I.C. |
Refugio Morales |
1874 |
| Franciscan Sisters of Mary Immaculate |
|
|
1893 |
| Franciscan Sisters of Penance of the Sorrowful Mother |
T.O.R. |
|
1988 |
| Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration |
O.S.F. |
|
1849 |
| Fransalians (Missionaries of St. Francis de Sales) |
M.S.F.S. |
|
1838 |
| Friars of St. Francis |
F.S.F. |
|
1993 |
| Good Shepherd Sisters |
R.G.S. |
|
1641 |
| Grey Nuns |
G.N.S.H. |
|
1738 |
| Handmaids of the Blessed Sacrament and of Charity |
A.A.S.C. |
|
1950 |
| Handmaids of the Precious Blood |
H.P.B. |
|
1947 |
| Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus |
A.A.S.C. |
|
1877 |
| Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Mary and Joseph |
|
|
1978 |
| Hermits of Saint Bruno |
H.S.B. |
|
2001 |
| Holy Cross Fathers (Congregation of Holy Cross) |
C.S.C. |
|
1837 |
| Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters (Pink Sisters) |
S.Sp.S.A.P. |
Arnold Janssen |
1896 |
| Hospital Sisters of the Mercy of Jesus |
|
|
1200s |
| Infant Jesus Sisters |
I.J. |
Nicolas Barre |
1666 |
| Institut du Clerge Patriarcal de Bzommar |
I.C.P.B. |
|
1749 |
| Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest |
I.C.R.S.S. |
|
1990 |
| Institute of the Incarnate Word |
I.V.E. |
|
1984 |
| Josephite Fathers (St. Joseph’s Society of the Sacred Heart) |
S.S.J. |
|
1893 |
| Legion of Christ |
L.C. |
|
1941 |
| Little Brothers of the Gospel |
|
|
1956 |
| Little Brothers of Jesus |
|
|
1933 |
| Little Brothers of St Francis |
L.B.S.F. |
|
1970 |
| Little Sisters of the Assumption |
|
|
1865 |
| Little Sisters of the Gospel |
|
|
1963 |
| Little Sisters of Jesus |
|
|
1933 |
| Little Sisters of Jesus and Mary |
|
|
1974 |
| Little Sisters of the Poor |
L.S.P. |
|
1800s |
| Lovers of the Holy Cross |
|
|
1670 |
| Loreto Sisters (Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary) |
I.B.V.M. |
|
1609 |
| Marian Fathers |
M.I.C. |
|
1673 |
| Marian Sisters (Marian Sisters of the Diocese of Lincoln) |
M.S. |
|
1952 |
| Marianists (Society of Mary) |
S.M. |
|
1817 |
| Marianist Sisters (Daughters of Mary Immaculate) |
F.M.I. |
|
1816 |
| Marianites of Holy Cross |
M.S.C. |
|
1841 |
| Marist Brothers |
F.M.S. |
|
1817 |
| Marists (Society of Mary) |
S.M. |
|
1816 |
| Maryknoll (Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America) |
M.M. |
|
1911 |
| Miles Christi |
M.C. |
|
1984 |
| Mission Helpers of The Sacred Heart |
M.H.S.H. |
|
1890 |
| Missionaries of Charity |
M.C. |
|
1950 |
| Missionaries of La Salette |
M.S. |
|
1852 |
| Missionaries of Mary |
|
|
2007 |
| Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo) |
C.S. |
|
1887 |
| Missionaries of the Gospel of Life |
|
|
2005 |
| Missionaries of the Poor |
M.O.P. |
|
1981 |
| Missionaries of the Precious Blood (Precious Blood Fathers) |
C.PP.S. |
|
1815 |
| Missionaries of the Sacred Heart |
M.S.C. |
|
1854 |
| Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary |
|
|
1836 |
| Missionary Congregation for the Blessed Sacrament |
|
|
1933 |
| Missionary Society of St. Columban (Columbans) |
S.S.C. |
|
1916 |
| Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem |
|
|
1975 |
| Montfort Missionaries (Company of Mary) |
S.M.M. |
|
1705 |
| Oblate Apostles of the Two Hearts |
O.A.T.H. |
|
1995 |
| Oblate Sisters of Providence |
O.S.P. |
|
1829 |
| Oblates of Mary Immaculate |
O.M.I. |
|
1816 |
| Oblates of St. Joseph |
O.S.J. |
|
1878 |
| Oblates of the Virgin Mary |
O.M.V. |
|
1827 |
| Oratorians (Oratory of St. Philip Neri) |
C.O. or Cong. Orat. |
Philip Neri |
1500s |
| Pallottines (Society of the Catholic Apostolate) |
S.A.C. |
|
1835 |
| Paris Foreign Missions Society |
M.E.P. |
|
1658 |
| Passionists (Congregation of the Passion) |
C.P. |
|
1720 |
| Passionist Sisters |
|
|
1850s |
| Patrician Brothers |
F.S.P. |
|
1808 |
| Paulist Fathers (Missionary Society of Saint Paul the Apostle) |
C.S.P. |
|
1858 |
| Pious Disciples of the Divine Master |
P.D.D.M. |
|
1924 |
| Sisters of the Reparation of the Holy Face |
|
|
1950 |
| Poor Clares Ordo Sanctae Clarae |
O.S.C. |
Clare of Assisi |
1212 |
| Poor Clares of Santa Barbara |
|
|
|
| Poor Clare Nuns of Perpetual Adoration |
|
|
1854 |
Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon
Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici |
|
|
1129–1312 |
| Sisters of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary |
P.B.V.M. |
|
1775 |
| Presentation Brothers |
F.P.M. |
|
1802 |
Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter
Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri |
F.S.S.P. |
|
1988 |
| Putri Karmel |
|
|
1982 |
| Racine Dominican Sisters |
|
|
1862 |
| Redemptorists (Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer) |
C.Ss.R. |
|
1732 |
| Les Religieuses de Notre-Dame-du-Sacre-Coeur |
|
|
1924 |
| Religious of the Assumption |
R.A. |
|
1839 |
| Religious of Christian Education |
|
|
1817 |
| Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary |
R.S.H.M. |
|
1849 |
| Religious of the Virgin Mary |
R.V.M. |
|
1684 |
| Religious Sisters of Mercy of Alma, Michigan |
R.S.M. |
|
1973 |
| Religious Sisters of Charity |
|
|
1815 |
| Resurrectionists |
C.R. |
|
1836 |
| Rogationists of the Heart of Jesus |
R.C.J. |
|
1897 |
| Rosminians (Institute of Charity) |
I.C. |
|
1828 |
| Salesians of St. John Bosco |
S.D.B. |
|
1857 |
| Salesian Sisters (Daughters of Mary Help of Christians) |
F.M.A. |
|
1872 |
| Salvatorians (Society of the Divine Savior) |
S.D.S. |
|
1881 |
| School Sisters of Christ the King |
|
|
1976 |
| School Sisters of Notre Dame |
S.S.N.D. |
|
1833 |
| School Sisters of the Third Order of St Francis |
|
|
1873 |
| Sinsinawa Dominican Sisters |
|
|
1847 |
| Sister Adorers of the Precious Blood |
R.P.G. |
|
1861 |
| Sisters Adorers of the Royal Heart of Jesus Christ Sovereign Priest |
|
|
2004 |
| Sisters of Adoration, Slaves of the Blessed Sacrament and of Charity |
|
|
1850 |
| Sisters of the Apostolic Carmel |
|
|
1870 |
| Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament |
|
|
1891 |
| Sisters of the Cenacle |
R.C. |
|
1826 |
| Sisters of Charity |
S.C. |
|
1633 |
| Sisters of Charity of Saints Bartolomaea Capitanio & Vincenza Gerosa |
S.C.C.G. |
|
1832 |
| Sisters of Charity of Cincinnati |
|
|
1829 |
| Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth |
|
|
1858 |
| Sisters of Charity of New York |
|
|
1846 |
| Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary |
B.V.M. |
|
1831 |
| Sisters of Charity of the Immaculate Conception |
|
|
1854 |
| Sisters of Charity of the Incarnate Word |
|
|
1866 |
| Sisters of Charity of Jesus and Mary |
|
|
1803 |
| Sisters of Charity of Our Lady of Mercy |
|
|
1829 |
| Sisters of Charity of Providence |
S.P. |
|
1844 |
| Sisters of Charity of Saint Elizabeth |
|
|
1859 |
| Sisters of Charity Federation in the Vincentian-Setonian Tradition |
|
|
1947 |
| Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul |
|
|
1849 |
| Vincentian Sisters of Charity |
V.S.C. |
|
1902 |
| Sisters of the Destitute |
|
|
1927 |
| Sisters of the Divine Compassion |
|
|
1886 |
| Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill |
|
|
1870 |
| Sisters of the Holy Cross |
C.S.C. |
|
1837 |
| Sisters of the Holy Family |
|
|
1837 |
| Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth |
|
|
1875 |
| Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary |
S.N.J.M. |
|
1844 |
| Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of Castres |
|
Emilie de Villeneuve |
1800s |
| Sisters of Jesus, Our Hope |
S.J.H. |
|
|
| Sisters of Life |
S.V. |
|
1991 |
| Sisters of Mary, Mother of the Eucharist |
O.P. |
|
1997 |
| Sisters of Mercy |
R.S.M. |
|
1831 |
| Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur |
S.N.D. or S.N.D. de N. |
|
1803 |
| Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy |
|
|
1862 |
| Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods |
S.P. |
|
1840 |
| Sisters of Providence of St. Vincent de Paul |
S.P. |
|
1861 |
| Sisters of La Retraite |
|
Catherine de Francheville |
1674 |
| Sisters of Saint Agnes |
|
|
1858 |
| Sisters of Saint Dorothy (Dorotheans) |
S.S.D. |
Paula Frassinetti |
1834 |
| Sisters of Saint Elizabeth |
|
|
1842 |
| Sisters of St. Francis of Assisi |
|
|
1849 |
| Sisters of St Francis of the Martyr St George |
F.S.G.M. |
|
1869 |
| Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity |
|
|
1835 |
| Sisters of Saint Francis of Rochester, Minnesota |
|
|
1877 |
| Sisters of St Joseph (Sisters of Saint Joseph of Medaille) |
C.S.J. |
|
1650 |
| Sisters of Saint Joseph of Bourg |
S.S.J. |
|
1650 |
| Sisters of St. Joseph of Chambery |
|
|
1812 |
| Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace |
|
|
1884 |
| Sisters of St. Joseph of the Sacred Heart |
S.S.J. |
|
1866 |
| Sisters of St. Joseph of the Third Order of St. Francis |
|
|
1901 |
| Sisters of Saint Martha |
|
|
1900 |
| Sisters of St Rita |
|
|
1911 |
| Sisters of St Therese of the Child Jesus (St Therese Sisters) |
S.S.Th. |
Maria Crocifissa Curcio |
1900s |
| Sisters of Social Service |
S.S.S. |
|
1926 |
| Sisters of the Visitation |
|
|
1610 |
| Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary – |
I.H.M. |
|
1845 |
| Sisters, Servants of the Lord and the Virgin of Matara |
S.S.V.M. |
|
1988 |
| Sisters, Servants of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus |
S.S.C.J. |
|
1894 |
Society of African Missions
Societas Missionum ad Afros |
S.M.A. |
|
1850 |
| Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls |
|
|
1856 |
| Society of the Holy Child Jesus |
S.H.C.J. |
|
1846 |
| Society of Our Lady of the Most Holy Trinity |
S.O.L.T. |
|
1958 |
| Society of St. Edmund |
S.S.E. |
|
1843 |
| Society of Saint Paul |
S.S.P. |
|
1914 |
| Society of the Sacred Heart |
R.S.C.J. |
|
1800 |
| Sovereign Military Order of Malta (Order of Malta) |
S.M.O.M. |
|
1099 |
Spiritans (Congregation of the Holy Ghost)
Congregatio Sancti Spiritus |
C.S.Sp. |
Claude Poullart des Places |
1703 |
| Stigmatines (Congregation of the Sacred Stigmata) |
C.S.S. |
|
1816 |
| Sulpician Fathers (Society of Saint Sulpice) |
S.S. or P.S.S. |
|
1642 |
| Tertiary Sisters of St. Francis, Cameroon |
|
|
1700 |
| Verbum Dei Missionary Fraternity |
M.V.D.F. |
|
1963 |
| Viatorians (Clerics of Saint Viator) |
C.S.V. |
|
1831 |
| Heralds of the Gospel |
|
John Scognamiglio Cla Dias |
1970 |
| Virgo Flos Carmeli (Regina Virginum) |
E.P. |
|
2001 |
| Vincentian Congregation |
V.C. |
|
1904 |
| Vocationists (The Society of Divine Vocations) |
S.D.V. |
|
1927 |
| White Fathers |
M.Afr. |
|
1868 |
| Xaverian Brothers |
C.F.X. |
|
1839 |
| Xaverian Missionaries (Missionary Society of St. Francis Xavier) |
S.X. |
|
1895 |
Reprint from https://www.translationdirectory.com/articles/article2296.php
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Salmon and Sturgeon Caviar – Photo by Thor Salmon caviar was originated about 1910 by a fisherman in the Maritime Provinces of Siberia, and the preparation is a modification of the sturgeon caviar method (Cobb 1919). Salomon caviar has found a good market in the U.S.S.R. and other European countries where it [...] Read more →
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St.Helen’s on the Thames, photo by Momit From a Dictionary of the Thames from Oxford to the Nore. 1880 by Charles Dickens Abingdon, Berkshire, on the right bank, from London 103 3/4miles, from Oxford 7 3/4 miles. A station on the Great Western Railway, from Paddington 60 miles. The time occupied [...] Read more →
Click here to visit Ovation Guitars Ovation Patent Drawing 1975 Click here to read a copy of the 1975 Patent for the Ovation Guitar Home Top of Pg. Read more →
PAINTER-WORK, in the building trade. When work is painted one or both of two distinct ends is achieved, namely the preservation and the coloration of the material painted. The compounds used for painting—taking the word as meaning a thin protective or decorative coat—are very numerous, including oil-paint of many kinds, distemper, whitewash, [...] Read more →
Cannone nel castello di Haut-Koenigsbourg, photo by Gita Colmar Without any preliminary cleaning the bronze object to be treated is hung as cathode into the 2 per cent. caustic soda solution and a low amperage direct current is applied. The object is suspended with soft copper wires and is completely immersed into [...] Read more →
Chipping a Turpentine Tree DISTILLING TURPENTINE One of the Most Important Industries of the State of Georgia Injuring the Magnificent Trees Spirits, Resin, Tar, Pitch, and Crude Turpentine all from the Long Leaved Pine – “Naval Stores” So Called. Dublin, Ga., May 8. – One of the most important industries [...] Read more →
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The Racing Knockabout Gosling. Gosling was the winning yacht of 1897 in one of the best racing classes now existing in this country, the Roston knockabout class. The origin of this class dates back about six years, when Carl, a small keel cutter, was built for C. H. [...] Read more →
THE SNIPE, from the Shooter’s Guide by B. Thomas – 1811 AFTER having given a particular description of the woodcock, it will only. be necessary to observe, that the plumage and shape of the snipe is much the same ; and indeed its habits and manners sets bear a great [...] Read more →
NAPOLEON’S PHARMACISTS. Of the making of books about Napoleon there is no end, and the centenary of his death (May 5) is not likely to pass without adding to the number, but a volume on Napoleon”s pharmacists still awaits treatment by the student in this field of historical research. There [...] Read more →
? This video by AT Restoration is the best hands on video I have run across on the basics of classic upholstery. Watch a master at work. Simply amazing. Tools: Round needles: https://amzn.to/2S9IhrP Double pointed hand needle: https://amzn.to/3bDmWPp Hand tools: https://amzn.to/2Rytirc Staple gun (for beginner): https://amzn.to/2JZs3x1 Compressor [...] Read more →
THE FIRST step in producing a satisfactory crop of tobacco is to use good seed that is true to type. The grower often can save his own seed to advantage, if he wants to. Before topping is done, he should go over the tobacco field carefully to pick [...] Read more →
From Allen’s Indian Mail, December 3rd, 1851 BOMBAY. MUSULMAN FANATICISM. On the evening of November 15th, the little village of Mahim was the scene of a murder, perhaps the most determined which has ever stained the annals of Bombay. Three men were massacred in cold blood, in a house used [...] Read more →
“The Leda, in the Colonna palace, by Correggio, is dead-coloured white and black, with ultramarine in the shadow ; and over that is scumbled, thinly and smooth, a warmer tint,—I believe caput mortuum. The lights are mellow ; the shadows blueish, but mellow. The picture is painted on panel, in [...] Read more →
To Clean Watch Chains. Gold or silver watch chains can be cleaned with a very excellent result, no matter whether they may be matt or polished, by laying them for a few seconds in pure aqua ammonia; they are then rinsed in alcohol, and finally. shaken in clean sawdust, free from sand. [...] Read more →
Linseed oil is readily available in many oil painters’ studios. Yardley London Shea Butter Soap can be purchased from a dollar store or pound shop on the cheap. These two ingredients make for the basis of an excellent cleaning system for cleaning oil painting brushes. Home Top of [...] Read more →
In July of 1968, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA), published NASA Technical Report TR R-277 titled Chronological Catalog of Recorded Lunar Events. The catalog begins with the first entry dated November 26th, 1540 at ∼05h 00m: Feature: Region of Calippus2 Description: Starlike appearance on dark side Observer: Observers at Worms Reference: [...] Read more →
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Add the following ingredients to a four or six quart crock pot, salt & pepper to taste keeping in mind that salt pork is just that, cover with water and cook on high till it boils, then cut back to low for four or five hours. A slow cooker works well, I [...] Read more →
The Apex Building, headquarters of the Federal Trade Commission, on Constitution Avenue and 7th Streets in Washington, D.C.. The building was designed by Edward H. Bennett under the purview of Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon, and was completed in 1938 at a cost of $125 million. Photo by Carol M. Highsmith [...] Read more →
Patek Phillipe hand makes the finest watches in the world. Click here to learn more. Home Top of Pg. Read more →
July, 16, l898 Forest and Stream Pg. 48 Tuna and Tarpon. New York, July 1.—Editor Forest and Stream: If any angler still denies the justice of my claim, as made in my article in your issue of July 2, that “the tuna is the grandest game [...] Read more →
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FRIED SQUIRREL & BISCUIT GRAVY 3-4 Young Squirrels, dressed and cleaned 1 tsp. Morton Salt or to taste 1 tsp. McCormick Black Pepper or to taste 1 Cup Martha White All Purpose Flour 1 Cup Hog Lard – Preferably fresh from hog killing, or barbecue table Cut up three to [...] Read more →
Donate to the YouTube site owner Gabe and he might send you some chocolate…. Home Top of Pg. Read more →
Royal Exchange and The Bank of England From How to Make Money; and How to Keep it, Or, Capital and Labor based on the works of Thomas A. Davies Revised & Rewritten with Additions by Henry A. Ford A.M. – 1884 CHAPTER XXVI BANKING AND INSURANCE. I [...] Read more →
Buying a book for a serious collector with refined tastes can be a daunting task. However, there is one company that publishes some of the finest reproduction books in the world, books that most collectors wouldn’t mind having in their collection no matter their general preference or specialty. Read more →
William Wyggeston’s chantry house, built around 1511, in Leicester: The building housed two priests, who served at a chantry chapel in the nearby St Mary de Castro church. It was sold as a private dwelling after the dissolution of the chantries. A Privately Built Chapel Chantry, chapel, generally within [...] Read more →
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Fed Chariman William McChesney Martin – 1952-1970 [Editor note: This response in my mind is quite hilarious…and to the point…who the heck would want to give up 6% interest year after year after year after year? ] You HAVE ASKED that I appear before you today in connection with your consideration [...] Read more →
Modern slow cookers come in all sizes and colors with various bells and whistles, including timers and shut off mechanisms. They also come with a serious design flaw, that being the lack of a proper domed lid. The first photo below depict a popular model Crock-Pot® sold far and wide [...] Read more →
The Clermont Club Reprint from London Bisnow/UK At £23M, its sale is not the biggest property deal in the world. But the Clermont Club casino in Berkeley Square in London could lay claim to being the most significant address in modern finance — it is where the concept of what is today [...] Read more →
“Saint John’s Gate, Clerkenwell, the main gateway to the Priory of Saint John of Jerusalem,” black and white photograph by the British photographer Henry Dixon, 1880. The church was founded in the 12th century by Jordan de Briset, a Norman knight. Prior Docwra completed the gatehouse shown in this photograph in 1504. The gateway [...] Read more →
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THE sense of a consecutive tradition has so completely faded out of English art that it has become difficult to realise the meaning of tradition, or the possibility of its ever again reviving; and this state of things is not improved by the fact that it is due to uncertainty of purpose, [...] Read more →
Jul. 30, 1898 Forest and Stream Pg. 87 Indian Mode of Hunting. I.—Beaver. Wa-sa-Kejic came over to the post early one October, and said his boy had cut his foot, and that he had no one to steer his canoe on a proposed beaver hunt. Now [...] Read more →
Wojna Kalmarska – 1611 The Kalmar War From The Historian’s History of the World (In 25 Volumes) by Henry Smith William L.L.D. – Vol. XVI.(Scandinavia) Pg. 308-310 The northern part of the Scandinavian peninsula, as already noticed, had been peopled from the remotest times by nomadic tribes called Finns or Cwenas by [...] Read more →
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Felix Weihs de Weldon, age 96, died broke in the year 2003 after successive bankruptcies and accumulating $4 million dollars worth of debt. Most of the debt was related to the high cost of love for a wife living with Alzheimer’s. Health care costs to maintain his first wife, Margot, ran $500 per [...] Read more →
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Filed under Miscellaneous. The Jubbulpore School of Industry is so thriving that the pupils, 800 in number, are obliged to work till ten o’clock at night to complete their orders; this they do most cheerfully. They are all Thugs, or the children of Thugs, and the hands which now ply [...] Read more →
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July 2, 1898 Forest and Stream, Fresh-Water Angling. No. IX.—The Two Crappies. BY FRED MATHER. Fishing In Tree Tops. Here a short rod, say 8ft., is long enough, and the line should not be much longer than the rod. A reel is not [...] Read more →
The arsenicals (compounds which contain the heavy metal element arsenic, As) have a long history of use in man – with both benevolent and malevolent intent. The name ‘arsenic’ is derived from the Greek word ‘arsenikon’ which means ‘potent'”. As early as 2000 BC, arsenic trioxide, obtained from smelting copper, was used [...] Read more →
The following cure was found written on a front flyleaf in an 1811 3rd Ed. copy of The Sportsman’s Guide or Sportsman’s Companion: Containing Every Possible Instruction for the Juvenille Shooter, Together with Information Necessary for the Experienced Sportsman by B. Thomas. Transcript: Vaccinate your dogs when young [...] Read more →
Silverfish damage to book – photo by Micha L. Rieser The beauty of hunting silverfish is that they are not the most clever of creatures in the insect kingdom. Simply take a small clean glass jar and wrap it in masking tape. The masking tape gives the silverfish something to [...] Read more →
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Life insurance certificate issued by the Yorkshire Fire & Life Insurance Company to Samuel Holt, Liverpool, England, 1851. On display at the British Museum in London. Donated by the ifs School of Finance. Photo by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) From How to Make Money; and How to Keep it, Or, Capital and Labor [...] Read more →
THE FOWLING PIECE, from the Shooter’s Guide by B. Thomas – 1811. I AM perfectly aware that a large volume might be written on this subject; but, as my intention is to give only such information and instruction as is necessary for the sportsman, I shall forbear introducing any extraneous [...] Read more →
Add 3 quarts clover blossoms* to 4 quarts of boiling water removed from heat at point of boil. Let stand for three days. At the end of the third day, drain the juice into another container leaving the blossoms. Add three quarts of fresh water and the peel of one lemon to the blossoms [...] Read more →
Are you considering purchasing a copper water pitcher for storing drinking water but have questions about the effects on your health? The following study may help jump-start your research. Storing Drinking-water in Copper pots Kills Contaminating Diarrhoeagenic Bacteria ABSTRACT Microbially-unsafe water is [...] Read more →
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Foie gras with Sauternes, Photo by Laurent Espitallier As an Appetizer Pale dry Sherry, with or without bitters, chilled or not. Plain or mixed Vermouth, with or without bitters. A dry cocktail. With Oysters, Clams or Caviar A dry flinty wine such as Chablis, Moselle, Champagne. Home Top of [...] Read more →
Toxicity of Rhododendron From Countrysideinfo.co.UK “Potentially toxic chemicals, particularly ‘free’ phenols, and diterpenes, occur in significant quantities in the tissues of plants of Rhododendron species. Diterpenes, known as grayanotoxins, occur in the leaves, flowers and nectar of Rhododendrons. These differ from species to species. Not all species produce them, although Rhododendron ponticum [...] Read more →
The following recipes are from a small booklet entitled 500 Delicious Salads that was published for the Culinary Arts Institute in 1940 by Consolidated Book Publishers, Inc. 153 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. If you have been looking for a way to lighten up your salads and be free of [...] Read more →
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AB Bookman’s 1948 Guide to Describing Conditions: As New is self-explanatory. It means that the book is in the state that it should have been in when it left the publisher. This is the equivalent of Mint condition in numismatics. Fine (F or FN) is As New but allowing for the normal effects of [...] Read more →
If ever it could be said that there is such a thing as miracle healing soil, Ivan Sanderson said it best in his 1965 book entitled Ivan Sanderson’s Book of Great Jungles. Sanderson grew up with a natural inclination towards adventure and learning. He hailed from Scotland but spent much [...] Read more →
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Hebborn Piranesi Before meeting with an untimely death at the hand of an unknown assassin in Rome on January 11th, 1996, master forger Eric Hebborn put down on paper a wealth of knowledge about the art of forgery. In a book published posthumously in 1997, titled The Art Forger’s Handbook, Hebborn suggests [...] Read more →
The rigging of an old square rig in London, United Kingdom. Photograph taken by Melongrower. Home Top of Pg. Read more →
Hernando de Soto (c1496-1542) Spanish explorer and his men torturing natives of Florida in his determination to find gold. Hand-coloured engraving. John Judkyn Memorial Collection, Freshford Manor, Bath The print above depicts Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto and his band of conquistadors torturing Florida natives in order to extract information on where [...] Read more →
The low level of work stoppages of recent years also attests to concern about job security. Testimony of Chairman Alan Greenspan The Federal Reserve’s semiannual monetary policy report Before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, U.S. Senate February 26, 1997 Iappreciate the opportunity to appear before this Committee [...] Read more →
ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION, OR THE PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE. BY CHARLES DARWIN, M.A., FELLOW OF THE ROYAL, GEOLOGICAL, LINNÆAN, ETC., SOCIETIES ; AUTHOR OF ‘JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES DURING H.M.S. BEAGLE’S [...] Read more →
Liquorice, the roots of Glycirrhiza Glabra, a perennial plant, a native of the south of Europe, but cultivated to some extent in England, particularly at Mitcham, in Surrey. Its root, which is its only valuable part, is long, fibrous, of a yellow colour, and when fresh, very juicy. [...] Read more →
The first published illustration of Nicotiana tabacum by Pena and De L’Obel, 1570–1571 (shrpium adversana nova: London). Tobacco can be used for medicinal purposes, however, the ongoing American war on smoking has all but obscured this important aspect of ancient plant. Tobacco is considered to be an indigenous plant of [...] Read more →
The existence of large bodies of men having no other means of subsistence than those afforded by plunder, is, in all countries, too common to excite surprise; and, unhappily, organized bands of assassins are not peculiar to India! The associations of murderers known by the name of Thugs present, however, [...] Read more →
Country House Essays has returned after a good long summer holiday. More essays soon. Home Top of Pg. Read more →
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Reprint from The Royal Collection Trust website: Kneller was born in Lubeck, studied with Rembrandt in Amsterdam and by 1676 was working in England as a fashionable portrait painter. He painted seven British monarchs (Charles II, James II, William III, Mary II, Anne, George I and George II), though his [...] Read more →
CLAIRVOYANCE by C. W. Leadbeater Adyar, Madras, India: Theosophical Pub. House [1899] CHAPTER IX – METHODS OF DEVELOPMENT When a men becomes convinced of the reality of the valuable power of clairvoyance, his first question usually is, “How can [...] Read more →
Book Conservators, Mitchell Building, State Library of New South Wales, 29.10.1943, Pix Magazine The following is taken verbatim from a document that appeared several years ago in the Maine State Archives. It seems to have been removed from their website. I happened to have made a physical copy of it at the [...] Read more →
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Jujitsu training 1920 in Japanese agricultural school. CHAPTER V THE VALUE OF EVEN TEMPER IN ATHLETICS—SOME OF THE FEATS THAT REQUIRE GOOD NATURE In the writer’s opinion it becomes necessary to make at this point some suggestions relative to a very important part of the training in jiu-jitsu. [...] Read more →
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ORIGIN OF THE APOTHECARY. The origin of the apothecary in England dates much further back than one would suppose from what your correspondent, “A Barrister-at-Law,” says about it. It is true he speaks only of apothecaries as a distinct branch of the medical profession, but long before Henry VIII’s time [...] Read more →
AB Bookman’s 1948 Guide to Describing Conditions: As New is self-explanatory. It means that the book is in the state that it should have been in when it left the publisher. This is the equivalent of Mint condition in numismatics. Fine (F or FN) is As New but allowing for the normal effects of [...] Read more →
Note on Watercolour: F.A. Molony (fl. 1930-1938) was a Major in the Royal Engineers. The National Army Museum hold his work. His work was also shown at an exhibition of officers work at the R.B.A. Galleries (Army Officers’ Art Society) Description from Youtube: June 2015 will see [...] Read more →
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TROF. C. F. HOLDFER AND HIS 183LBS. TUNA, WITH BOATMAN JIM GARDNER. July 2, 1898. Forest and Stream Pg. 11 The Tuna Record. Avalon. Santa Catalina Island. Southern California, June 16.—Editor Forest and Stream: Several years ago the writer in articles on the “Game Fishes of the Pacific Slope,” in [...] Read more →
Liquorice, the roots of Glycirrhiza Glabra, a perennial plant, a native of the south of Europe, but cultivated to some extent in England, particularly at Mitcham, in Surrey. Its root, which is its only valuable part, is long, fibrous, of a yellow colour, and when fresh, very juicy. [...] Read more →
A CROCK OF SQUIRREL 4 young squirrels – quartered Salt & Pepper 1 large bunch of fresh coriander 2 large cloves of garlic 2 tbsp. salted sweet cream cow butter ¼ cup of brandy 1 tbsp. turbinado sugar 6 fresh apricots 4 strips of bacon 1 large package of Monterrey [...] Read more →
*note – Billesdon and Billesden have both been used to name the hunt. BILLESDEN COPLOW POEM [From “Reminiscences of the late Thomas Assheton Smith, Esq”] The run celebrated in the following verses took place on the 24th of February, 1800, when Mr. Meynell hunted Leicestershire, and has since been [...] Read more →
Half a league, half a league, Half a league onward, All in the valley of Death Rode the six hundred. “Forward, the Light Brigade! Charge for the guns!” he said. Into the valley of Death Rode the six hundred. Home Top of [...] Read more →
THE HATHA YOGA PRADIPIKA Translated into English by PANCHAM SINH Panini Office, Allahabad [1914] INTRODUCTION. There exists at present a good deal of misconception with regard to the practices of the Haṭha Yoga. People easily believe in the stories told by those who themselves [...] Read more →
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Guarea guidonia Recipe 5 Per Cent Alcohol 8-24 Grain – Heroin Hydrochloride 120 Minims – Tincture Euphorbia Pilulifera 120 Minims – Syrup Wild Lettuce 40 Minims – Tincture Cocillana 24 Minims – Syrup Squill Compound 8 Gram – Ca(s)ecarin (P, D, & Co.) 8-100 Grain Menthol Dose – One-half to one fluidrams (2 to [...] Read more →
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The Hunt Saboteur is a national disgrace barking out loud, black mask on her face get those dogs off, get them off she did yell until a swift kick from me mare her voice it did quell and sent the Hunt Saboteur scurrying up vale to the full cry of hounds drowning out her [...] Read more →
A terrestial globe on which the tracts and discoveries are laid down from the accurate observations made by Capts Cook, Furneux, Phipps, published 1782 / globe by John Newton ; cartography by William Palmer, held by the State Library of New South Wales The British Library, using sophisticated filming equipment and software, [...] Read more →
The first published illustration of Nicotiana tabacum by Pena and De L’Obel, 1570–1571 (shrpium adversana nova: London). Tobacco can be used for medicinal purposes, however, the ongoing American war on smoking has all but obscured this important aspect of ancient plant. Tobacco is considered to be an indigenous plant of [...] Read more →
THE SNIPE, from the Shooter’s Guide by B. Thomas – 1811 AFTER having given a particular description of the woodcock, it will only. be necessary to observe, that the plumage and shape of the snipe is much the same ; and indeed its habits and manners sets bear a great [...] Read more →
Filed under Miscellaneous. The Jubbulpore School of Industry is so thriving that the pupils, 800 in number, are obliged to work till ten o’clock at night to complete their orders; this they do most cheerfully. They are all Thugs, or the children of Thugs, and the hands which now ply [...] Read more →
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THE FIRST step in producing a satisfactory crop of tobacco is to use good seed that is true to type. The grower often can save his own seed to advantage, if he wants to. Before topping is done, he should go over the tobacco field carefully to pick [...] Read more →
The Queen Elizabeth Trust, or QEST, is an organisation dedicated to the promotion of British craftsmanship through the funding of scholarships and educational endeavours to include apprenticeships, trade schools, and traditional university classwork. The work of QEST is instrumental in keeping alive age old arts and crafts such as masonry, glassblowing, shoemaking, [...] Read more →
THE ABC OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM WH Y THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM WAS CALLED INTO BEING, THE MAIN FEATURES OF ITS ORGANIZATION , AND HOW IT WORKS B Y EDWIN WALTER KEMMERER, PH.D. PROFESSOR OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE IN PRINCETON UNIVERSITY AND MEMBER OF [...] Read more →
Stoke Park Pavillions Stoke Park Pavilions, UK, view from A405 Road. photo by Wikipedia user Cj1340 From Wikipedia: Stoke Park – the original house Stoke park was the first English country house to display a Palladian plan: a central house with balancing pavilions linked by colonnades or [...] Read more →
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Country House Christmas Pudding Ingredients 1 cup Christian Bros Brandy ½ cup Myer’s Dark Rum ½ cup Jim Beam Whiskey 1 cup currants 1 cup sultana raisins 1 cup pitted prunes finely chopped 1 med. apple peeled and grated ½ cup chopped dried apricots ½ cup candied orange peel finely chopped 1 ¼ cup [...] Read more →
Muscadine Jelly 6 cups muscadine grape juice 6 cups sugar 1 box Kraft Sure Gel or Ball Fruit Jell Home Top of [...] Read more →
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Dec. 24, 1898 Forest and Stream Pg. 513-514 The Standard Navy Boats. Above we find, The accompanying illustrations show further details of the standard navy boats, the lines of which appeared last week. In all of these boats, as stated previously, the quality of speed has been given [...] Read more →
July 2, 1898 Forest and Stream, Fresh-Water Angling. No. IX.—The Two Crappies. BY FRED MATHER. Fishing In Tree Tops. Here a short rod, say 8ft., is long enough, and the line should not be much longer than the rod. A reel is not [...] Read more →
Click here to access the Internet Archive of old Popular Mechanics Magazines – 1902-2016 Click here to view old Popular Mechanics Magazine Covers Home Top of Pg. Read more →
Charles Dickens wrote much more than novels. In fact he turned out several very interesting dictionaries to include one of London, one of Paris and one on London’s long meandering river Thames. Click here to read a copy of the Dictionary of the Thames. Home Top of Pg. Read more →
Click here to visit Ovation Guitars Ovation Patent Drawing 1975 Click here to read a copy of the 1975 Patent for the Ovation Guitar Home Top of Pg. Read more →
A rhetorical question? Genuine concern? In this essay we are examining another form of matter otherwise known as national literary matters, the three most important of which being the Matter of Rome, Matter of France, and the Matter of England. Our focus shall be on the Matter of England or [...] Read more →
WITCHCRAFT, SORCERY, MAGIC AND OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL PHENOMENA AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS ON MILITARY AND PARAMILITARY OPERATIONS IN THE CONGO This report has been prepared in response to a query posed by ODCS/OPS, Department of the Army, regarding the purported use of witchcraft, sorcery, and magic by insurgent elements in the Republic [...] Read more →
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Patek Phillipe hand makes the finest watches in the world. Click here to learn more. Home Top of Pg. Read more →
The existence of large bodies of men having no other means of subsistence than those afforded by plunder, is, in all countries, too common to excite surprise; and, unhappily, organized bands of assassins are not peculiar to India! The associations of murderers known by the name of Thugs present, however, [...] Read more →
Roger Scruton by Peter Helm This is one of those videos that the so-called intellectual left would rather not be seen by the general public as it makes a laughing stock of the idiots running the artworld, a multi-billion dollar business. https://archive.org/details/why-beauty-matters-roger-scruton or Click here to watch [...] Read more →
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U.S. SENATE PERMANENT SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS STAFF REPORT ON DIVIDEND TAX ABUSE: HOW OFFSHORE ENTITIES DODGE TAXES ON U.S. STOCK DIVIDENDS September 11, 2008 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Each year, the United States loses an estimated [...] Read more →
Biograph Theater, where John Dillinger was gunned down by the FBI on July 22, 1934 The Great Depression was on—highway based crime was rampant, the gangsters dressed as well as the bankers they robbed, and and Henry Ford’s big beautiful V8 sedan was the getaway car of choice for both wheelman and [...] Read more →
Paul Thorpe, Brighton, U.K. The YouTube watch collecting world is rather tight-knit and small, but growing, as watches became a highly coveted commodity during the recent world-wide pandemic and fueled an explosion of online watch channels. There is one name many know, The Time Piece Gentleman. This name for me [...] Read more →
Cleaner for Gilt Frames. Calcium hypochlorite…………..7 oz. Sodium bicarbonate……………7 oz. Sodium chloride………………. 2 oz. Distilled water…………………12 oz. Home Top of Pg. Read more →
” Here’s many a year to you ! Sportsmen who’ve ridden life straight. Here’s all good cheer to you ! Luck to you early and late. Here’s to the best of you ! You with the blood and the nerve. Here’s to the rest of you ! What of a weak moment’s swerve ? [...] Read more →
July, 16, l898 Forest and Stream Pg. 48 Tuna and Tarpon. New York, July 1.—Editor Forest and Stream: If any angler still denies the justice of my claim, as made in my article in your issue of July 2, that “the tuna is the grandest game [...] Read more →
The Effect of Magnetic Fields on Wound Healing Experimental Study and Review of the Literature Steven L. Henry, MD, Matthew J. Concannon, MD, and Gloria J. Yee, MD Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Missouri Hospital & Clinics, Columbia, MO Published July 25, 2008 Objective: Magnets [...] Read more →
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Laurens’ portrait as painted during his time spent imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he was kept for over a year after being captured at sea while serving as the United States minister to the Netherlands during the Revolutionary War. The first Christian white man to be cremated in America was [...] Read more →
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Early Texas photo of Tarpon catch – Not necessarily the one mentioned below… July 2, 1898. Forest and Stream Pg.10 Texas Tarpon. Tarpon, Texas.—Mr. W. B. Leach, of Palestine, Texas, caught at Aransas Pass Islet, on June 14, the largest tarpon on record here taken with rod and reel. The [...] Read more →
Modern slow cookers come in all sizes and colors with various bells and whistles, including timers and shut off mechanisms. They also come with a serious design flaw, that being the lack of a proper domed lid. The first photo below depict a popular model Crock-Pot® sold far and wide [...] Read more →
The arsenicals (compounds which contain the heavy metal element arsenic, As) have a long history of use in man – with both benevolent and malevolent intent. The name ‘arsenic’ is derived from the Greek word ‘arsenikon’ which means ‘potent'”. As early as 2000 BC, arsenic trioxide, obtained from smelting copper, was used [...] Read more →
Audubon started to develop a special technique for drawing birds in 1806 a Mill Grove, Pennsylvania. He perfected it during the long river trip from Cincinnati to New Orleans and in New Orleans, 1821. Home Top of [...] Read more →
Tom Oates, aka Nabokov at en.wikipedia No two commercial tuna salads are prepared by exactly the same formula, but they do not show the wide variety characteristic of herring salad. The recipe given here is typical. It is offered, however, only as a guide. The same recipe with minor variations to suit [...] Read more →
Dutch artist Herman de Vries – Photo taken by son Vince The two videos below of Herman de Vries at work at the Venice Bienalle 2015 are quite inspiring. So inspiring in fact that I moved into a cave for two weeks and wrote Shakespearean tragedy with charcoal. Filled with great joy [...] Read more →
Nov. 5. 1898 Forest and Stream Pg. 371-372 The Black Grouper or Jewfish. New Smyrna, Fla., Oct. 21.—Editor Forest and Stream: It is not generally known that the fish commonly called jewfish. warsaw and black grouper are frequently caught at the New Smyrna bridge [...] Read more →
Cannone nel castello di Haut-Koenigsbourg, photo by Gita Colmar Without any preliminary cleaning the bronze object to be treated is hung as cathode into the 2 per cent. caustic soda solution and a low amperage direct current is applied. The object is suspended with soft copper wires and is completely immersed into [...] Read more →
Mocking Bird Food. Hemp seed……….2 pounds Rape seed………. .1 pound Crackers………….1 pound Rice…………….1/4 pound Corn meal………1/4 pound Lard oil…………1/4 pound Home Top of Pg. Read more →
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If a Woman asks you to Change, Politely Excuse Yourself and Walk out the Door; Forever Nobody changes; character is built early in life, and by the time one is involved in adult relationships, it is highly unlikely that one can rebuild one’s character. Recognizing this early on in ones adult [...] Read more →
This massive volume gives one a real visual sense of what it was like running a highly efficient colonial operation in the early 20rh Century. It will also go a long way to help anyone wishing to understand modern political intrigue in the Middle-East. Click here to read A Survey of Palestine [...] Read more →
Blackbeard’s Jolly Roger If you’re looking for that most refreshing of summertime beverages for sipping out on the back patio or perhaps as a last drink before walking the plank, let me recommend my Blunderbuss Mai Tai. I picked up the basics to this recipe over thirty years ago when holed up [...] Read more →
What follows is a chapter from Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward’s 1852 treatise on terrarium gardening. ON THE NATURAL CONDITIONS OF PLANTS. To enter into any lengthened detail on the all-important subject of the Natural Conditions of Plants would occupy far too much space; yet to pass it by without special notice, [...] Read more →
Gary Kravit is an airline pilot and artist. He also owns and operates https://theultimatetaboret.com. You may view Gary’s art at https://garrykravitart.blogspot.com/ Home Top of Pg. Read more →
Click here to view a copy of Arban’s Complete Conservatory Method for Cornet Click on the blue button to download a free copy of Arban’s Complete Conservatory Method for Cornet Arban's - 11.8MB For trumpet players wishing to practice daily using an iPad, simply click [...] Read more →
ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION, OR THE PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE. BY CHARLES DARWIN, M.A., FELLOW OF THE ROYAL, GEOLOGICAL, LINNÆAN, ETC., SOCIETIES ; AUTHOR OF ‘JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES DURING H.M.S. BEAGLE’S [...] Read more →
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Life insurance certificate issued by the Yorkshire Fire & Life Insurance Company to Samuel Holt, Liverpool, England, 1851. On display at the British Museum in London. Donated by the ifs School of Finance. Photo by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) From How to Make Money; and How to Keep it, Or, Capital and Labor [...] Read more →
A General Process for Making Wine. Gathering the Fruit Picking the Fruit Bruising the Fruit Vatting the Fruit Vinous Fermentation Drawing the Must Pressing the Must Casking the Must Spirituous Fermentation Racking the Wine Bottling and Corking the Wine Drinking the Wine GATHERING THE FRUIT. It is of considerable consequence [...] Read more →
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Any prudent investor would jump at the chance to receive a guaranteed 6% dividend for life. So how does one get in on this action? The fact of the matter is…YOU can’t…That is unless you are a shareholder of one of the twelve Federal Reserve Banks and the banks under [...] Read more →
The arsenicals (compounds which contain the heavy metal element arsenic, As) have a long history of use in man – with both benevolent and malevolent intent. The name ‘arsenic’ is derived from the Greek word ‘arsenikon’ which means ‘potent'”. As early as 2000 BC, arsenic trioxide, obtained from smelting copper, was used [...] Read more →
Wine Making Grapes are the world’s leading fruit crop and the eighth most important food crop in the world, exceeded only by the principal cereals and starchytubers. Though substantial quantities are used for fresh fruit, raisins, juice and preserves, most of the world’s annual production of about 60 million [...] Read more →
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Hunters at Work This is a recipe I created from scratch by trial and error. (Note: This recipe contains no eggs, refined white flour or white sugar.) 2 Cups Whole Wheat Flour – As unprocessed as you can find it 3 Cups of Raw Oatmeal 1 Cup of [...] Read more →
Aw, the good old days, meet in the coffee shop with a few friends, click open the Zippo, inhale a glorious nosegay of lighter fluid, fresh roasted coffee and a Marlboro cigarette…. A Meta-analysis of Coffee Drinking, Cigarette Smoking, and the Risk of Parkinson’s Disease We conducted a [...] Read more →
Officers and men of the 13th Light Dragoons, British Army, Crimea. Rostrum photograph of photographer’s original print, uncropped and without color correction. Survivors of the Charge. Half a league, half a league, Half a league onward, All in the valley of Death Rode the six hundred. “Forward, the Light Brigade! Charge for the [...] Read more →
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From Fores’s Sporting Notes and Sketches, A Quarterly Magazine Descriptive of British, Indian, Colonial, and Foreign Sport with Thirty Two Full Page Illustrations Volume 10 1893, London; Mssrs. Fores Piccadilly W. 1893, All Rights Reserved. GLIMPSES OF THE CHASE, Ireland a Hundred Years Ago. By ‘Triviator.’ FOX-HUNTING has, like Racing, [...] Read more →
Donate to the YouTube site owner Gabe and he might send you some chocolate…. Home Top of Pg. Read more →
Twinings London – photo by Elisa.rolle Is the tea in your cup genuine? The fact is, had one been living in the early 19th Century, one might occasionally encounter a counterfeit cup of tea. Food adulterations to include added poisonings and suspect substitutions were a common problem in Europe at [...] Read more →
IT requires a far search to gather up examples of furniture really representative in this kind, and thus to gain a point of view for a prospect into the more ideal where furniture no longer is bought to look expensively useless in a boudoir, but serves everyday and commonplace need, such as [...] Read more →
Artisans world-wide spend a fortune on commercial brand oil-based gold leaf sizing. The most popular brands include Luco, Dux, and L.A. Gold Leaf. Pricing for quart size containers range from $35 to $55 depending upon retailer pricing. Fast drying sizing sets up in 2-4 hours depending upon environmental conditions, humidity [...] Read more →
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Sucker The components of any given market place include both physical structures set up to accommodate trading, and participants to include buyers, sellers, brokers, agents, barkers, pushers, auctioneers, agencies, and propaganda outlets, and banking or transaction exchange facilities. Markets are generally set up by sellers as it is in their [...] Read more →
THE answer to the question, What is fortune has never been, and probably never will be, satisfactorily made. What may be a fortune for one bears but small proportion to the colossal possessions of another. The scores or hundreds of thousands admired and envied as a fortune in most of our communities [...] Read more →
Reprint from The Pitfalls of Speculation by Thomas Gibson 1906 Ed. THE PUBLIC ATTITUDE TOWARD SPECULATION THE public attitude toward speculation is generally hostile. Even those who venture frequently are prone to speak discouragingly of speculative possibilities, and to point warningly to the fact that an [...] Read more →
INTRODUCTION The idea of compiling this little volume occurred to me while on a visit to some friends at their summer home in a quaint New England village. The little town had once been a thriving seaport, but now consisted of hardly more than a dozen old-fashioned Colonial houses facing [...] Read more →
Oct. 22, 1898 Forest and Stream Pg. 324 An Alaskan Moose Head. Tacoma, Washington; Oct. 1.—Editor Forest and Stream: In your issue of March 6, 1897, you showed cut of a pair of moose horns belonging to me that spread 73 1/2 in.— at that time [...] Read more →
EIGHTEEN GALLONS is here give as a STANDARD for all the following Recipes, it being the most convenient size cask to Families. See A General Process for Making Wine If, however, only half the quantity of Wine is to be made, it is but to divide the portions of [...] Read more →
Royal Exchange and The Bank of England From How to Make Money; and How to Keep it, Or, Capital and Labor based on the works of Thomas A. Davies Revised & Rewritten with Additions by Henry A. Ford A.M. – 1884 CHAPTER XXVI BANKING AND INSURANCE. I [...] Read more →
THE FOWLING PIECE, from the Shooter’s Guide by B. Thomas – 1811. I AM perfectly aware that a large volume might be written on this subject; but, as my intention is to give only such information and instruction as is necessary for the sportsman, I shall forbear introducing any extraneous [...] Read more →
The element copper effectively kills viruses and bacteria. Therefore it would reason and I will assert and not only assert but lay claim to the patents for copper mesh stints to be inserted in the arteries of patients presenting with severe cases of Covid-19 with a slow release dosage of [...] Read more →
Baking is a very similar process to roasting: the two often do duty for one another. As in all other methods of cookery, the surrounding air may be several degrees hotter than boiling water, but the food is no appreciably hotter until it has lost water by evaporation, after which it may [...] Read more →
San Felipe Model Reprinted from FineModelShips.com with the kind permission of Dr. Michael Czytko The SAN FELIPE is one of the most favoured ships among the ship model builders. The model is elegant, very beautifully designed, and makes a decorative piece of art to be displayed at home or in the [...] Read more →
CLAIRVOYANCE by C. W. Leadbeater Adyar, Madras, India: Theosophical Pub. House [1899] CHAPTER IX – METHODS OF DEVELOPMENT When a men becomes convinced of the reality of the valuable power of clairvoyance, his first question usually is, “How can [...] Read more →
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Vintage woodcut illustration of a Eel This dish is a favorite in Northern Europe, from the British Isles to Sweden. Clean and skin the eels and cut them into pieces about 3/4-inch thick. Wash and drain the pieces, then dredge in fine salt and allow to stand from 30 [...] Read more →
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY INROMATION FROM FOREIGN DOCUMENT OR RADIO BROADCASTS COUNTRY: Non-Orbit SUBJECT: Military – Air – Scientific – Aeronautics HOW PUBLISHED: Newspapers WHERE PUBLISHED: As indicated DATE PUBLISHED: 12 Dec 1953 – 12 Jan 1954 LANGUAGE: Various SOURCE: As indicated REPORT NO. 00-W-30357 DATE OF INFORMATION: 1953-1954 DATE DIST. 27 [...] Read more →
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As reported in the The Colac Herald on Friday July 17, 1903 Pg. 8 under Art Appreciation as a reprint from the Westminster Gazette ART APPRECIATION IN THE COMMONS. The appreciation of art as well as of history which is entertained by the average member of the [...] Read more →
Reprint from the Sportsman Cabinet and Town & Country Magazine, Vol.1, Number 1, November 1832. MR. Editor, Will you allow me to inquire, through the medium of your pages, the correct meaning of the term thorough-bred fox-hound? I am very well aware, that the expression is in common [...] Read more →
PEACH BRANDY 2 gallons + 3 quarts boiled water 3 qts. peaches, extremely ripe 3 lemons, cut into sections 2 sm. pkgs. yeast 10 lbs. sugar 4 lbs. dark raisins Place peaches, lemons and sugar in crock. Dissolve yeast in water (must NOT be to hot). Stir thoroughly. Stir daily for 7 days. Keep [...] Read more →
An angler with a costly pole Surmounted with a silver reel, Carven in quaint poetic scroll- Jointed and tipped with finest steel— With yellow flies, Whose scarlet eyes And jasper wings are fair to see, Hies to the stream Whose bubbles beam Down murmuring eddies wild and free. And casts the line with sportsman’s [...] Read more →
First Pineapple Grown in England Click here to read an excellent article on the history of pineapple growing in the UK. Should one be interested in serious mass scale production, click here for scientific resources. Growing pineapples in the UK. The video below demonstrates how to grow pineapples in Florida. [...] Read more →
Vishnu as the Cosmic Man (Vishvarupa) Opaque watercolour on paper – Jaipur, Rajasthan c. 1800-50 CLAIRVOYANCE AND OCCULT POWERS By Swami Panchadasi Copyright, 1916 By Advanced Thought Pub. Co. Chicago, Il INTRODUCTION. In preparing this series of lessons for students of [...] Read more →
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Add 3 quarts clover blossoms* to 4 quarts of boiling water removed from heat at point of boil. Let stand for three days. At the end of the third day, drain the juice into another container leaving the blossoms. Add three quarts of fresh water and the peel of one lemon to the blossoms [...] Read more →
What is follows is an historical article that appeared in The Hartford Courant in 1916 about the arsenic murders carried out by Mrs. Archer-Gilligan. This story is the basis for the 1944 Hollywood film “Arsenic and Old Lace” starring Cary Grant and Priscilla Lane and directed by Frank Capra. The [...] Read more →
King George IV was known far and wide as the dandy king, incompetent, ugly, and vulgar. As Prince regent, prior to his assent to the throne, he kept fast company with Beau Brummel, King of Dandies, a man sixteen years his younger. And decadence followed. King George was a gambler, philanderer, and [...] Read more →
Dried Norwegian Salt Cod Fried fish cakes are sold rather widely in delicatessens and at prepared food counters of department stores in the Atlantic coastal area. This product has possibilities for other sections of the country. Ingredients: Home Top of [...] Read more →
BEEF JERKY Preparation. Slice 5 pounds lean beef (flank steak or similar cut) into strips 1/8 to 1/4 inch thick, 1 to 2 inches wide, and 4 to 12 inches long. Cut with grain of meat; remove the fat. Lay out in a single layer on a smooth clean surface (use [...] Read more →
Foie gras with Sauternes, Photo by Laurent Espitallier As an Appetizer Pale dry Sherry, with or without bitters, chilled or not. Plain or mixed Vermouth, with or without bitters. A dry cocktail. With Oysters, Clams or Caviar A dry flinty wine such as Chablis, Moselle, Champagne. Home Top of [...] Read more →
Take the large blue figs when pretty ripe, and steep them in white wine, having made some slits in them, that they may swell and gather in the substance of the wine. Then slice some other figs and let them simmer over a fire in water until they are reduced [...] Read more →
Reprint from the Royal Collection Trust Website The meeting between Henry VIII and Francis I, known as the Field of the Cloth of Gold, took place between 7 to 24 June 1520 in a valley subsequently called the Val d’Or, near Guisnes to the south of Calais. The [...] Read more →
KING ARTHUR AND HIS KNIGHTS On the decline of the Roman power, about five centuries after Christ, the countries of Northern Europe were left almost destitute of a national government. Numerous chiefs, more or less powerful, held local sway, as far as each could enforce his dominion, and occasionally those [...] Read more →
The Ardabil Carpet – Made in the town of Ardabil in north-west Iran, the burial place of Shaykh Safi al-Din Ardabili, who died in 1334. The Shaykh was a Sufi leader, ancestor of Shah Ismail, founder of the Safavid dynasty (1501-1722). While the exact origins of the carpet are unclear, it’s believed to have [...] Read more →
Dec. 10, 1898 Forest and Stream Pg. 477-479 Zulu. The little ship shown in the accompanying plans needs no description, as she speaks for herself, a handsome and shipshape craft that a man may own for years without any fear that she will go to pieces [...] Read more →
How happy is he born and taught. That serveth not another’s will; Whose armour is his honest thought, And simple truth his utmost skill Whose passions not his masters are; Whose soul is still prepared for death, Untied unto the world by care Of public fame or private breath; Who envies none that chance [...] Read more →
BLACKBERRY WINE 5 gallons of blackberries 5 pound bag of sugar Fill a pair of empty five gallon buckets half way with hot soapy water and a ¼ cup of vinegar. Wash thoroughly and rinse. Fill one bucket with two and one half gallons of blackberries and crush with [...] Read more →
Mudlarks of London Mudlarking along the Thames River foreshore is controlled by the Port of London Authority. According to the Port of London website, two type of permits are issued for those wishing to conduct metal detecting, digging, or searching activities. Standard – allows digging to a depth of 7.5 [...] Read more →
Jan Verkolje Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to describe gout or uric acid crystals 1679. For one suffering gout, the following vitamins, herbs, and extracts may be worth looking into: Vitamin C Folic Acid – Folic Acid is a B vitamin and is also known as B9 – [Known food [...] Read more →
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The following cure was found written on a front flyleaf in an 1811 3rd Ed. copy of The Sportsman’s Guide or Sportsman’s Companion: Containing Every Possible Instruction for the Juvenille Shooter, Together with Information Necessary for the Experienced Sportsman by B. Thomas. Transcript: Vaccinate your dogs when young [...] Read more →
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The Diamond Empire Home Top of [...] Read more →
Hernando de Soto (c1496-1542) Spanish explorer and his men torturing natives of Florida in his determination to find gold. Hand-coloured engraving. John Judkyn Memorial Collection, Freshford Manor, Bath The print above depicts Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto and his band of conquistadors torturing Florida natives in order to extract information on where [...] Read more →
Click here to learn more about The Tallis Scholars Home Top of Pg. Read more →
From Conquest of the Tropics by Frederick Upham Adams Chapter VI – Birth of the United Fruit Company Only those who have lived in the tropic and are familiar with the hazards which confront the cultivation and marketing of its fruits can readily understand [...] Read more →
J.P. Morgan Patent #8,452,703 Method and system for processing internet payments using the electronic funds transfer network. Abstract Embodiments of the invention include a method and system for conducting financial transactions over a payment network. The method may include associating a payment address of an account [...] Read more →
Dr. David Starkey, the UK’s premiere historian, speaks to the modern and fleeting notion of “cancel culture”. Starkey’s brilliance is unparalleled and it has become quite obvious to the world’s remaining Western scholars willing to stand on intellectual integrity that a few so-called “Woke Intellectuals” most certainly cannot undermine [...] Read more →
Sebastian Cox is one of the UK’s premier custom furniture makers with a unique background and love for the forest. Click here to visit SebastianCox.co.uk Home Top of Pg. Read more →
Chipping a Turpentine Tree DISTILLING TURPENTINE One of the Most Important Industries of the State of Georgia Injuring the Magnificent Trees Spirits, Resin, Tar, Pitch, and Crude Turpentine all from the Long Leaved Pine – “Naval Stores” So Called. Dublin, Ga., May 8. – One of the most important industries [...] Read more →
Felix Weihs de Weldon, age 96, died broke in the year 2003 after successive bankruptcies and accumulating $4 million dollars worth of debt. Most of the debt was related to the high cost of love for a wife living with Alzheimer’s. Health care costs to maintain his first wife, Margot, ran $500 per [...] Read more →
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PAINTER-WORK, in the building trade. When work is painted one or both of two distinct ends is achieved, namely the preservation and the coloration of the material painted. The compounds used for painting—taking the word as meaning a thin protective or decorative coat—are very numerous, including oil-paint of many kinds, distemper, whitewash, [...] Read more →
Carya Nuts This Handbook is Published by SLMA or the Southeastern Lumber Manufacturer’s Association Click here to read the handbook or click on the link below for a faster download. Hardwood Handbook Home Top of Pg. Read more →
Snipe shooting-Epistle on snipe shooting, from Ned Copper Cap, Esq., to George Trigger-George Trigger’s reply to Ned Copper Cap-Black partridge. —— “Si sine amore jocisque Nil est jucundum, vivas in &more jooisque.” -Horace. “If nothing appears to you delightful without love and sports, then live in sporta and [...] Read more →
Edwin Austin Abbey. King Lear, Act I, Scene I (Cordelia’s Farewell) The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Dates: 1897-1898 Dimensions: Height: 137.8 cm (54.25 in.), Width: 323.2 cm (127.24 in.) Medium: Painting – oil on canvas Home Top of Pg. Read more →
It is a pity that the traditions and literature in praise of fly fishing have unconsciously hampered instead of expanded this graceful, effective sport. Many a sportsman has been anxious to share its joys, but appalled by the rapture of expression in describing its countless thrills and niceties he has been literally [...] Read more →
THE sense of a consecutive tradition has so completely faded out of English art that it has become difficult to realise the meaning of tradition, or the possibility of its ever again reviving; and this state of things is not improved by the fact that it is due to uncertainty of purpose, [...] Read more →
Click here to read the full text of the Hunting Act – 2004 Home Top of Pg. Read more →
Painting the Brooklyn Bridge, Photo by Eugene de Salignac , 1914 Excerpt from: The Preservation of Iron and Steel Structures by F. Cosby-Jones, The Mechanical Engineer January 30, 1914 Painting. This is the method of protection against corrosion that has the most extensive use, owing to the fact that [...] Read more →
The Apex Building, headquarters of the Federal Trade Commission, on Constitution Avenue and 7th Streets in Washington, D.C.. The building was designed by Edward H. Bennett under the purview of Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon, and was completed in 1938 at a cost of $125 million. Photo by Carol M. Highsmith [...] Read more →
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